Docker【4】|Docker基本命令，一篇就够。

大家好&＃xff0c;我是脚丫先生 (o^^o)

学了那么多的Docker知识&＃xff0c;如果这节还是讲原理方面的知识&＃xff0c;那么就过于纸上谈兵了&＃xff0c;是时候开始真正的亮剑。(有参考其他博主的文章)

Docker的官方文档非常的详细&＃xff0c;关于所有的命令行使用说明/规范&＃xff0c;可以参考 https://docs.docker.com/reference/

1. 查看docker容器版本

docker version
查看docker容器信息
docker info
查看docker容器帮助
docker --help


2、镜像操作

提示&＃xff1a;对于镜像的操作可使用镜像名、镜像长ID和短ID。

2.1、镜像查看

列出本地images
docker images
含中间映像层
docker images -a


只显示镜像ID
docker images -q
含中间映像层
docker images -qa


显示镜像摘要信息(DIGEST列)
docker images --digests
显示镜像完整信息
docker images --no-trunc


显示指定镜像的历史创建&＃xff1b;参数&＃xff1a;-H 镜像大小和日期&＃xff0c;默认为true&＃xff1b;--no-trunc 显示完整的提交记录&＃xff1b;-q 仅列出提交记录ID
docker history -H redis


2.2、镜像搜索

搜索仓库MySQL镜像
docker search mysql
##--filter&＃61;stars&＃61;600&＃xff1a;只显示 starts>&＃61;600 的镜像
docker search --filter&＃61;stars&＃61;600 mysql
## --no-trunc 显示镜像完整 DESCRIPTION 描述
docker search --no-trunc mysql
## --automated &＃xff1a;只列出 AUTOMATED&＃61;OK 的镜像
docker search --automated mysql


2.3、镜像下载

下载Redis官方最新镜像&＃xff0c;相当于&＃xff1a;docker pull redis:latest
docker pull redis
下载仓库所有Redis镜像
docker pull -a redis
下载私人仓库镜像
docker pull bitnami/redis


2.4、镜像删除

单个镜像删除&＃xff0c;相当于&＃xff1a;docker rmi redis:latest
docker rmi redis
强制删除(针对基于镜像有运行的容器进程)
docker rmi -f redis
多个镜像删除&＃xff0c;不同镜像间以空格间隔
docker rmi -f redis tomcat nginx
删除本地全部镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)


2.4.1 docker批量删除容器、镜像

1、删除所有容器

docker rm &＃96;docker ps -a -q&＃96;


2、删除所有镜像

docker rmi &＃96;docker images -q&＃96;


3、按条件删除镜像

没有打标签

发现服务器里都none的镜像

docker images|grep none|awk &＃39;{print $3}&＃39;|xargs docker rmips:
docker images &＃xff1a;镜像列表
|grep none : 筛选含 none 的行
|awk &＃39;{print $3}&＃39; &＃xff1a;awk行处理器打印第三个参数&＃xff08;IMAGE ID&＃xff09;
|xargs &＃xff1a; 参数列表转换
docker rmi &＃xff1a; 镜像删除命令

镜像名包含关键字

docker rmi --force &＃96;docker images | grep doss-api | awk &＃39;{print $3}&＃39;&＃96; //其中doss-api为关键字


2.5、镜像构建

2.5.1、commit 镜像

用户提交对容器的修改&＃xff0c;并生成新的镜像。

docker commit -m&＃61;"描述信息" -a&＃61;"作者" 容器id 目标镜像名:[版本TAG]


2.5.2、dockerfile

1&＃xff09;编写dockerfile
在自己新建的dockers目录下新建dockerfile文件

cd /dockers
vi Dockerfile


2&＃xff09;构建docker镜像
在dockers目录下执行

docker build -t&＃61;"镜像名:版本号" .


. 符号表示当前目录。

2.6 查看镜像的元数据信息

docker inspect 容器id

[{"Id": "9a1f7b30a10a33a36b7649e8f0992247c7767fccc2d253dfdf7a42b0c4cb1220","Created": "2020-11-08T06:03:48.598473909Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 45074,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2020-11-08T06:03:48.796392054Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9a1f7b30a10a33a36b7649e8f0992247c7767fccc2d253dfdf7a42b0c4cb1220/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9a1f7b30a10a33a36b7649e8f0992247c7767fccc2d253dfdf7a42b0c4cb1220/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9a1f7b30a10a33a36b7649e8f0992247c7767fccc2d253dfdf7a42b0c4cb1220/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9a1f7b30a10a33a36b7649e8f0992247c7767fccc2d253dfdf7a42b0c4cb1220/9a1f7b30a10a33a36b7649e8f0992247c7767fccc2d253dfdf7a42b0c4cb1220-json.log","Name": "/jolly_mayer","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"Capabilities": null,"Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e9101448258930021351001b2ad30349f485f11800752a56c174cbf7ca0e0057-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ffe0b620bf852329f5b2c405efb84cd6bbb1abbd75879276b4bed0e1962effc/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e9101448258930021351001b2ad30349f485f11800752a56c174cbf7ca0e0057/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e9101448258930021351001b2ad30349f485f11800752a56c174cbf7ca0e0057/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e9101448258930021351001b2ad30349f485f11800752a56c174cbf7ca0e0057/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "9a1f7b30a10a","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": true,"AttachStdout": true,"AttachStderr": true,"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": true,"Env": ["PATH&＃61;/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/bash"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "f125e682faaca30a5ff2ea78298b6a63aa4b416de1a4150dc2271de55bb2bec5","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f125e682faac","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "d49e14b7c195c2bb3d2ccad715cec0410d6b47e81fdec609296ac6ee84a47fb5","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "97d11e1f759394b549127015587527c5590965c6a66d0b1a5314dcf3b2ba626a","EndpointID": "d49e14b7c195c2bb3d2ccad715cec0410d6b47e81fdec609296ac6ee84a47fb5","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

3、容器操作

3.1、容器启动

新建并启动容器&＃xff0c;参数&＃xff1a;-i 以交互模式运行容器&＃xff1b;-t 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端&＃xff1b;--name 为容器指定一个名称
docker run -i -t --name mycentos
后台启动容器&＃xff0c;参数&＃xff1a;-d 已守护方式启动容器
docker run -d mycentos


注意&＃xff1a;此时使用"docker ps -a"会发现容器已经退出。这是docker的机制&＃xff1a;要使Docker容器后台运行&＃xff0c;就必须有一个前台进程。解决方案&＃xff1a;将你要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行。

启动一个或多个已经被停止的容器
docker start redis
重启容器
docker restart redis


3.2、容器进程

##top支持 ps 命令参数&＃xff0c;格式&＃xff1a;docker top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
列出redis容器中运行进程
docker top redis
查看所有运行容器的进程信息
for i in &＃96;docker ps |grep Up|awk &＃39;{print $1}&＃39;&＃96;;do echo \ &&docker top $i; done


3.3、容器日志

查看redis容器日志&＃xff0c;默认参数
docker logs rabbitmq
查看redis容器日志&＃xff0c;参数&＃xff1a;-f 跟踪日志输出&＃xff1b;-t 显示时间戳&＃xff1b;--tail 仅列出最新N条容器日志&＃xff1b;
docker logs -f -t --tail&＃61;20 redis
查看容器redis从2019年05月21日后的最新10条日志。
docker logs --since&＃61;"2019-05-21" --tail&＃61;10 redis


3.4、容器的进入与退出

使用run方式在创建时进入
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
关闭容器并退出
exit
仅退出容器&＃xff0c;不关闭
快捷键&＃xff1a;Ctrl &＃43; P &＃43; Q
直接进入centos 容器启动命令的终端&＃xff0c;不会启动新进程&＃xff0c;多个attach连接共享容器屏幕&＃xff0c;参数&＃xff1a;--sig-proxy&＃61;false 确保CTRL-D或CTRL-C不会关闭容器
docker attach --sig-proxy&＃61;false centos
在 centos 容器中打开新的交互模式终端&＃xff0c;可以启动新进程&＃xff0c;参数&＃xff1a;-i 即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开&＃xff1b;-t 分配一个伪终端
docker exec -i -t centos /bin/bash
以交互模式在容器中执行命令&＃xff0c;结果返回到当前终端屏幕
docker exec -i -t centos ls -l /tmp
以分离模式在容器中执行命令&＃xff0c;程序后台运行&＃xff0c;结果不会反馈到当前终端
docker exec -d centos touch cache.txt


3.5、查看容器

查看正在运行的容器
docker ps
查看正在运行的容器的ID
docker ps -q
查看正在运行&＃43;历史运行过的容器
docker ps -a
显示运行容器总文件大小
docker ps -s
查看容器的IP
docker inspect 容器ID | grep IPAddress
查看容器的环境变量
docker exec centos env


显示最近创建容器
docker ps -l
显示最近创建的3个容器
docker ps -n 3
不截断输出
docker ps --no-trunc


3.6、容器的停止与删除

停止一个运行中的容器
docker stop redis
杀掉一个运行中的容器
docker kill redis
删除一个已停止的容器
docker rm redis
删除一个运行中的容器
docker rm -f redis删除所有的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
-l 移除容器间的网络连接&＃xff0c;连接名为 db
docker rm -l db
-v 删除容器&＃xff0c;并删除容器挂载的数据卷
docker rm -v redis


3.7、容器与主机间的数据拷贝

将redis容器中的文件copy至本地路径
docker cp redis:/[container_path] [local_path]
将主机文件copy至rabbitmq容器
docker cp [local_path] redis:/[container_path]/
将主机文件copy至redis容器&＃xff0c;目录重命名为[container_path]&＃xff08;注意与非重命名copy的区别&＃xff09;
docker cp [local_path] redis:/[container_path]


4、docker push到私有仓库

1、登录
http://xxxxx.com为私有仓库地址

docker login http://xxxxx.com


2、登录私有创建项目

例如项目叫&＃xff1a;abc-dev

3、给镜像打tag

docker tag 2e25d8496557 xxxxx.com/abc-dev/arc:1334


2e25d8496557&＃xff1a;IMAGE ID&＃xff0c;可以用docker images 查看

xxxxx.com&＃xff1a;私有hub域名

abc-dev&＃xff1a;项目名称

arc&＃xff1a;镜像名称

1334&＃xff1a;镜像版本号

4、推送

4.1 docker-compose单独更新某个服务

假设有一服务名为AAA&＃xff08;基于镜像AAA&＃xff09;

步骤&＃xff1a;

更新镜像
docker build -t AAA

stop容器
docker-compose stop AAA

删除容器
docker-compose rm -f AAA

基于更新后的镜像重新启动容器
docker-compose up -d AAA

docker push xxxxx.com/abc-dev/arc:1334　


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